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organic data

  • 1 обязательные выходные данные при ссылке на закон

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > обязательные выходные данные при ссылке на закон

  • 2 materiale

    data, material, material
    * * *
    subst. (biologi) (organisk materiale) organic matter subst. (byggebransjen) material(s) subst. [informasjon, data] material, information

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > materiale

  • 3 dinámico

    adj.
    dynamic, energetic.
    * * *
    1 dynamic
    * * *
    (f. - dinámica)
    adj.
    * * *
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo dynamic
    * * *
    = aggressive, dynamic, brisk [brisker -comp., briskest -sup.], fluid, proactive [pro-active], time-dependent, organic, dynamical, time-variant, vibrant, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], fast and furious, energetic.
    Ex. During his tenure, OSU was recognized for the aggressive approach the library staff adopted with respect to publicizing OSU's many bibliographical services and encouraging patrons' use of them.
    Ex. A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex. The classic example quoted by Jourard is the brisk, super-efficient nurse, whose manner appears to be something that she puts on when she dons her uniform.
    Ex. Literary language is vital, shifting, fluid; it looks constantly for new structures, new combinations that create new meanings.
    Ex. Compiling information of this nature requires a proactive and not a reactive approach to the task.
    Ex. This paper studies time-dependent (dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex. Innovation in organisations is a continuous and organic process.
    Ex. This paper studies time-dependent ( dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex. A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex. All these issues were successfully addressed by rearranging study, reference, and stack areas and enclosing a small office to create a more vibrant, reference oriented library environment.
    Ex. This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.
    Ex. A spry 80 years young, Virginia has been painting murals for the last 50 years and a lot can be said for the advantages of experience.
    Ex. He was described as a ' sprightly nonagenarian' who was born in 1905.
    Ex. The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.
    Ex. She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.
    ----
    * dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * dinámica social = social dynamics.
    * entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo dynamic
    * * *
    = aggressive, dynamic, brisk [brisker -comp., briskest -sup.], fluid, proactive [pro-active], time-dependent, organic, dynamical, time-variant, vibrant, breezy [breezier -comp., breeziest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], fast and furious, energetic.

    Ex: During his tenure, OSU was recognized for the aggressive approach the library staff adopted with respect to publicizing OSU's many bibliographical services and encouraging patrons' use of them.

    Ex: A data base must respond to a dynamic reality in which terms, 'strain, crack and sometimes break under the burden, under the tension, slip, slide, perish, decay with imprecision, will not stay in place, will not stay still'.
    Ex: The classic example quoted by Jourard is the brisk, super-efficient nurse, whose manner appears to be something that she puts on when she dons her uniform.
    Ex: Literary language is vital, shifting, fluid; it looks constantly for new structures, new combinations that create new meanings.
    Ex: Compiling information of this nature requires a proactive and not a reactive approach to the task.
    Ex: This paper studies time-dependent (dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex: Innovation in organisations is a continuous and organic process.
    Ex: This paper studies time-dependent ( dynamical) aspects of scientific activities, as expressed in research publications.
    Ex: A data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data in support of management's decision making process.
    Ex: All these issues were successfully addressed by rearranging study, reference, and stack areas and enclosing a small office to create a more vibrant, reference oriented library environment.
    Ex: This knowing sequel to the breezy glamor of 'Ocean's Eleven' provides more thieves, more heists, more twists, more locations, and more playfulness than the original.
    Ex: A spry 80 years young, Virginia has been painting murals for the last 50 years and a lot can be said for the advantages of experience.
    Ex: He was described as a ' sprightly nonagenarian' who was born in 1905.
    Ex: The pace was fast and furious and the noise was non-stop.
    Ex: She has been a vital and energetic voice in the movement to increase the sensitivity and responsibility of libraries to social issues, as well as a first-rate cataloger.
    * dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].
    * dinámica social = social dynamics.
    * entrar en la dinámica = enter + the fray.

    * * *
    dynamic
    * * *

    dinámico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    dynamic
    dinámico,-a adjetivo dynamic

    ' dinámico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dinámica
    English:
    aggressive
    - brisk
    - dynamic
    - breezy
    - high
    - spry
    * * *
    dinámico, -a adj
    1. [del movimiento, la dinámica] dynamic
    2. [activo] dynamic;
    necesitamos ejecutivos dinámicos y emprendedores we need dynamic and enterprising executives
    * * *
    adj fig
    dynamic
    * * *
    dinámico, -ca adj
    : dynamic
    * * *
    dinámico adj dynamic

    Spanish-English dictionary > dinámico

  • 4 materia

    f.
    1 matter (sustancia, asunto).
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    materia grasa fat content
    materia gris gray matter
    materia orgánica organic matter
    2 material (material).
    materia prima raw material
    3 subject (asignatura).
    * * *
    1 (sustancia) matter
    2 (material) material, substance
    3 (asignatura) subject
    4 (asunto) subject, matter
    \
    en materia de... on the subject of...
    entrar en materia to get to the point
    índice de materias table of contents
    materia gris grey matter
    materia prima raw material
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Fís) matter; (=material) material, substance

    materia fecal — faeces pl, feces pl (EEUU)

    materia gris — grey o (EEUU) gray matter

    2) (=tema) subject matter; (Escol) subject

    entrar en materia — to get down to business, get to the point

    materia optativa — (Escol) option, optional subject

    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.
    Ex. Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.
    Ex. What is a subject?.
    Ex. In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex. The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex. And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex. The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex. Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    ----
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.
    * * *
    1) ( sustancia) matter
    2)
    a) (tema, asunto) subject

    en materia de — as regards, with regard to

    entrar en materia: entremos en materia — let's get straight to the matter in hand o straight down to business

    b) ( material) material
    c) (esp AmL) ( asignatura) subject
    •
    * * *
    = matter, subject, subject term, topic, subject matter, rubric, material, subject discipline.

    Ex: Ranganathan proposed five basic types of facets which may occur in many subject fields: personality, matter, energy, space, time.

    Ex: What is a subject?.
    Ex: In alphabetical indexing languages, such as are embodied in thesauri and subject headings lists, subject terms are the alphabetical names of the subjects.
    Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.
    Ex: The librarian generally looks at the book's title, subtitle, preface, contents list, etc, in order to determine the subject matter.
    Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.
    Ex: The material in the exhibition is organized into four thematic sections: objects used in daily life, funerary rites, religious items, and works of art.
    Ex: Respondents indicated that they needed to master several subject disciplines and a sizable vocabulary to understand the literature they use.
    * acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.
    * acceso por materias = subject access.
    * al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.
    * alfabético por materias = alphabetico-subject.
    * aportar materia prima para = provide + grist for + Posesivo + mill.
    * asignación de materias = subject indexing, subject assignment.
    * buscado por materia = subject-traced.
    * buscador por materias = subject gateway.
    * búsqueda por materia = subject searching, topical subject search.
    * búsqueda por materias = subject search, subject query, subject browsing.
    * catalogador de materias = subject cataloguer.
    * catálogo alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject catalogue.
    * catálogo de materias = subject catalogue.
    * catálogo sistemático de materias = classified subject catalogue.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificar por materia = subject classify.
    * conocer muy bien la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.
    * consulta por materias = subject browsing.
    * control de materias = subject control.
    * cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * derechos en materia de procreación = reproductive rights.
    * descriptor de materia = subject descriptor.
    * distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.
    * encabezamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject heading.
    * encabezamiento de materia = subject heading, subject description.
    * encabezamiento de materia específico = specific subject heading.
    * Encabezamientos de Materia de Medicina (MeSH) = Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
    * en materia de = in matters of, as regards, with regard(s) to, regarding, on, concerning, in the field of.
    * entrada alfabética de materia = alphabetical subject entry.
    * entrada de materia = subject entry.
    * especialista en una materia = subject specialist.
    * experto en la materia = subject expert.
    * fichero de materias = descriptor file.
    * fichero ordenado por materias = subject file.
    * identificador de materia = subject label.
    * índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.
    * índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.
    * índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.
    * Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.
    * índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.
    * Indización Permutada de Materias basada en Postulados (POPSI) = Postulate-based Permuted Subject Indexing (POPSI).
    * indización por materias = subject indexing.
    * información como materia prima, la = information commodity.
    * información sobre la materia = subject data.
    * LCSH (Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCSH (Library of Congress List of Subject Headings).
    * lista alfabética de encabezamientos de materia = alphabetical list of subject headings.
    * lista de encabezamientos de materia = subject headings list.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materia de la Asociación de Bibliotecas Escolar = SLA List.
    * Lista de Encabezamientos de Materias de Sears = Sears' List of Subject Headings.
    * materia asociada = collateral subject.
    * materia compuesta = complex subject, composite subject, compound subject.
    * materia coordinada = coordinate subject.
    * materia de estudio = subject of study.
    * materia específica = subordinate subject, specific subject.
    * materia favorita = pet subject.
    * materia general = superordinate subject, parent subject.
    * materia gris = grey matter [gray matter].
    * materia impresa = printed matter.
    * materia inanimada = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia inorgánica = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia más específica = narrower subject.
    * materia más general = broader subject.
    * materia muerta = dead matter, inanimate matter.
    * materia optativa = option.
    * materia orgánica = organic matter, organic materials.
    * materia preferida = pet subject.
    * materia prima = raw material, staple diet, grist, primary raw material, feedstock.
    * materia principal = main subject.
    * materia representada por un solo descriptor = one-concept subject.
    * materia representada por varios descriptores = multi-concept subject.
    * materia secundaria = fringe subject.
    * materias troncales = core curriculum.
    * materia troncal = core subject.
    * materia viva = living matter.
    * mercado de materias primas, el = commodity market, the.
    * nombre de materia = subject name.
    * número indicador de materia = SIN, Subject Indicator Number.
    * ordenación por materias = subject arrangement.
    * organización de materias = subject organisation.
    * porcentaje de materias servidas = subject fill rate.
    * por materias = subject-based, topically.
    * precios de las materias primas = commodity prices.
    * profano en la materia = non-scholar.
    * recuperación por materias = subject access, subject retrieval.
    * registro de encabezamiento secundario de materia = subject tracing.
    * salud en materia de procreación = reproductive health.
    * ser la materia prima de = be grist to + Posesivo + mill.
    * ser un experto en la materia = know + Posesivo + stuff.
    * subdivisión de materia = subject subdivision.
    * subencabezamiento de materia = subject heading subdivision, topical subheading.
    * terminología usada para las materias = subject terminology.
    * tratamiento alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject approach.

    * * *
    A (sustancia) matter
    materia orgánica/viva organic/living matter
    Compuestos:
    feces* (pl), fecal* matter
    fat
    gray* matter
    dark matter
    ( Econ, Tec) raw material; ( Fin) commodity
    el mercado de materias primas the commodities market
    B
    1 (tema, asunto) subject
    los libros están ordenados por materias the books are arranged according to subject
    en materia jurídica es un experto he's an expert on legal matters
    en materia de as regards, with regard to
    es un país muy avanzado en materia de sanidad it is a very advanced country in terms of o with regard to o as regards health care
    entrar en materia: entró inmediatamente en materia he went straight into the subject, he got straight to the point
    2 (material) material
    aquí hay materia para hacer un estudio muy completo there is enough material here to do an in-depth study
    3 ( esp AmL) (asignatura) subject
    Compuesto:
    classified information
    * * *

     

    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 ( sustancia) matter;
    ◊ materia gris gray( conjugate gray) matter;

    materia prima (Econ, Tec) raw material;

    (Fin) commodity
    2
    a) (tema, asunto) subject;



    materia sustantivo femenino
    1 matter
    materia inorgánica/orgánica, inorganic/organic matter
    materia no contaminante, non-polluting material
    2 (tema) matter, stuff: domina muy bien la materia, she knows her stuff
    es un especialista en la materia, he's an expert on the subject
    3 Educ (asignatura) subject
    ' materia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cartón
    - consistente
    - curso
    - en
    - gris
    - lega
    - lego
    - prima
    - primo
    - revés
    - saber
    - sebo
    - tierra
    - autoridad
    - conocer
    - corromper
    - corrompido
    - corrupción
    - pasta
    - procesar
    - profano
    - reprobar
    English:
    abrasive
    - commodity
    - cut
    - deterioration
    - fluid
    - grey matter
    - ground
    - insulation
    - last
    - material
    - matter
    - of
    - out of
    - raw material
    - rock
    - rubber
    - soft
    - soil
    - strong
    - subject
    - subject matter
    - substitute
    - tarmac
    - wood
    - lay
    - raw
    - subsidiary
    - wastage
    * * *
    1. [sustancia] matter
    Anat materia gris grey matter;
    materia orgánica organic matter;
    Astron materia oscura dark matter
    2. [asunto] matter;
    materia de reflexión food for thought;
    en materia de on the subject of, concerning;
    han llegado a un acuerdo en materia de impuestos they have come to an agreement on o concerning taxation;
    la legislación en materia de medio ambiente the legislation on the subject of o concerning the environment;
    entrar en materia to get down to business
    3. [material] material
    materia prima raw material
    4. [asignatura] subject
    RP Univ materia previa = module that has to be passed in order to do a more advanced module
    * * *
    f
    1 matter
    2 ( material) material
    3 ( tema) subject;
    entrar en materia get on to the subject;
    en materia de as regards
    * * *
    1) : matter
    materia gris: gray matter
    2) : material
    materia prima: raw material
    3) : (academic) subject
    4)
    en materia de : on the subject of, concerning
    * * *
    1. (en general) matter
    2. (asignatura, tema) subject

    Spanish-English dictionary > materia

  • 5 ofrecer

    v.
    1 to offer.
    ofrecerle algo a alguien to offer somebody something
    ¿puedo ofrecerle algo de beber? may I offer you something to drink?
    ¿cuánto te ofrecen por la casa? how much are they offering you for the house?
    María le ofrece comida a Ricardo Mary offers Richard food.
    Ella ofrece sus servicios She offers her services.
    2 to bid.
    ¿qué ofrecen por esta mesa? what am I bid for this table?
    3 to present (tener, presentar) (imagen, dificultades).
    la cocina ofrece un aspecto lamentable the kitchen is a sorry sight
    4 to offer up (oraciones, sacrificio).
    5 to make an offer.
    Ellos ofrecen They make an offer.
    6 to offer to, to promise to, to volunteer to.
    María le ofrece comida a Ricardo Mary offers Richard food.
    Ella ofrece sus servicios She offers her services.
    Ellos ofrecen limpiar They offer to clean.
    Le ofrecí a María ir a verla I offered Mary to go see her.
    Ellos ofrecieron a Ricardo They offered Richard.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer
    1 (dar - premio, amistad) to offer; (- banquete, fiesta) to hold; (- regalo) to give
    2 (presentar) to present
    1 (prestarse) to offer, volunteer
    2 (disponer) to want
    ■ ¿qué se le ofrece? what can I do for you?
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=presentar voluntariamente)
    a) [+ servicios, ayuda, trabajo, dinero] to offer

    ¿cuánto te ofrecieron por el coche? — how much did they offer you for the car?

    • ofrecer hacer algo — to offer to do sth

    b) [+ espectáculo, programa] [en TV] to show
    c) frm [+ respetos] to pay frm
    2) (=tener)
    a) [+ ventaja] to offer; [+ oportunidad, garantías] to offer, give; [+ solución] to offer, provide

    • no ofrecer duda, la gravedad del caso no ofrece duda — there is no doubt about the seriousness of the case

    b) [+ dificultad] to present

    el ladrón no ofreció resistencia — the burglar did not put up a struggle, the burglar offered no resistance frm

    c) [+ imagen] to present
    3) (=celebrar) [+ acto, fiesta, cena] to hold, give
    4) [+ sacrificio, víctima] to offer up
    5) (Rel) to make a vow
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo> to offer

    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño — (Col, Ven) I'm ringing to let you know that the baby has been born

    ofrecer + INF — to offer to + inf

    b) < dinero> to offer; ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) < fiesta> to give, throw (colloq); < recepción> to lay on, to hold
    d) <sacrificio/víctima> to offer (up)
    2)
    a) < oportunidad> to give, provide

    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades — it provides her with the chance to make new friends; < dificultad> to present

    b) <aspecto/vista>
    c) < resistencia> persona to put up, offer
    2.
    ofrecerse v pron
    1) persona to offer, volunteer

    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF — to offer o volunteer to + inf

    3) (frml) (querer, necesitar) (gen neg o interrog)

    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? — can I offer o get you anything else?

    ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? — what would you like, madam? (frml)

    * * *
    = deliver, feature, give, offer, open up, pitch, provide, provide with, supply, proffer, furnish (with), come forward with, tender, serve up.
    Ex. The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.
    Ex. Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex. Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.
    Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.
    Ex. Here an attempt is made to choose one form and supply references from the other forms.
    Ex. 'No question,' she said meditatively, 'we have to do something'; 'like more coffee?' proffered the waitress, the coffee pot hovered above Jergens' cup.
    Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex. Neither pundit from the past, nor sage from the schools, neither authorised body nor inspired individual has come forward with a definition acceptable to all practising librarians as theirs and theirs alone, sharply defining them as a group.
    Ex. This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.
    Ex. A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    ----
    * ofrecer acceso = provide + access.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * ofrecer asesoramiento = offer + advice, offer + guidance, dispense + advice.
    * ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.
    * ofrecer cobijo = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer conclusiones = provide + conclusions.
    * ofrecer conjuntamente = bundle.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * ofrecer consejos prácticos = offer + hints and advice.
    * ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.
    * ofrecer en un lote = bundle.
    * ofrecer esperanzas = hold + promise.
    * ofrecer estímulo = provide + stimulus.
    * ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * ofrecer la garantía de = provide + the stamp of.
    * ofrecer la mano = put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to, allow + the opportunity to.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad de = offer + a chance to.
    * ofrecer la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad = afford + possibility, provide + facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de = have + the potential (to/for), offer + the facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de que = usher in + the day when.
    * ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * ofrecer por primera vez = debut.
    * ofrecer posibilidades = have + potential, offer + options, offer + possibilities, hold + potential, present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * ofrecer refugio = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer resistencia = put up + resistance.
    * ofrecer santuario = offer + sanctuary.
    * ofrecerse = be forthcoming, step forward, step up to.
    * ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.
    * ofrecer servicio = service.
    * ofrecer sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * ofrecer una explicación = present + explanation.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.
    * ofrecer una imagen = present + picture.
    * ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * ofrecer una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * ofrecer una oportunidad = offer + opportunity, provide + opportunity, present + an opportunity.
    * ofrecer una perspectiva = offer + perspective.
    * ofrecer una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * ofrecer una prestación = offer + facility.
    * ofrecer una rama de olivo para hacer las paces = offer + an olive branch.
    * ofrecer una recepción = host + reception.
    * ofrecer una respuesta = provide + answer.
    * ofrecer una solución = provide + solution, offer + solution.
    * ofrecer una sonrisa = give + a grin.
    * ofrecer una visión = provide + a picture.
    * ofrecer una visión de = offer + an account of.
    * ofrecer una visión de conjunto = provide + a picture, provide + overview.
    * ofrecer una visión muy releveladora de = provide + insight into, give + an insight into, give + an inside look at.
    * ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.
    * ofrecer un curso = offer + course.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * ofrecer un sacrificio = make + a sacrifice.
    * ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.
    * ofrecer ventaja = be of benefit.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo> to offer

    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño — (Col, Ven) I'm ringing to let you know that the baby has been born

    ofrecer + INF — to offer to + inf

    b) < dinero> to offer; ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) < fiesta> to give, throw (colloq); < recepción> to lay on, to hold
    d) <sacrificio/víctima> to offer (up)
    2)
    a) < oportunidad> to give, provide

    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades — it provides her with the chance to make new friends; < dificultad> to present

    b) <aspecto/vista>
    c) < resistencia> persona to put up, offer
    2.
    ofrecerse v pron
    1) persona to offer, volunteer

    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF — to offer o volunteer to + inf

    3) (frml) (querer, necesitar) (gen neg o interrog)

    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? — can I offer o get you anything else?

    ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? — what would you like, madam? (frml)

    * * *
    = deliver, feature, give, offer, open up, pitch, provide, provide with, supply, proffer, furnish (with), come forward with, tender, serve up.

    Ex: The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.

    Ex: Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.
    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.
    Ex: Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex: Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.
    Ex: Here an attempt is made to choose one form and supply references from the other forms.
    Ex: 'No question,' she said meditatively, 'we have to do something'; 'like more coffee?' proffered the waitress, the coffee pot hovered above Jergens' cup.
    Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex: Neither pundit from the past, nor sage from the schools, neither authorised body nor inspired individual has come forward with a definition acceptable to all practising librarians as theirs and theirs alone, sharply defining them as a group.
    Ex: This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.
    Ex: A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    * ofrecer acceso = provide + access.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * ofrecer asesoramiento = offer + advice, offer + guidance, dispense + advice.
    * ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.
    * ofrecer cobijo = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer conclusiones = provide + conclusions.
    * ofrecer conjuntamente = bundle.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * ofrecer consejos prácticos = offer + hints and advice.
    * ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.
    * ofrecer en un lote = bundle.
    * ofrecer esperanzas = hold + promise.
    * ofrecer estímulo = provide + stimulus.
    * ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * ofrecer la garantía de = provide + the stamp of.
    * ofrecer la mano = put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to, allow + the opportunity to.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad de = offer + a chance to.
    * ofrecer la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad = afford + possibility, provide + facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de = have + the potential (to/for), offer + the facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de que = usher in + the day when.
    * ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * ofrecer por primera vez = debut.
    * ofrecer posibilidades = have + potential, offer + options, offer + possibilities, hold + potential, present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * ofrecer refugio = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer resistencia = put up + resistance.
    * ofrecer santuario = offer + sanctuary.
    * ofrecerse = be forthcoming, step forward, step up to.
    * ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.
    * ofrecer servicio = service.
    * ofrecer sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * ofrecer una explicación = present + explanation.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.
    * ofrecer una imagen = present + picture.
    * ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * ofrecer una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * ofrecer una oportunidad = offer + opportunity, provide + opportunity, present + an opportunity.
    * ofrecer una perspectiva = offer + perspective.
    * ofrecer una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * ofrecer una prestación = offer + facility.
    * ofrecer una rama de olivo para hacer las paces = offer + an olive branch.
    * ofrecer una recepción = host + reception.
    * ofrecer una respuesta = provide + answer.
    * ofrecer una solución = provide + solution, offer + solution.
    * ofrecer una sonrisa = give + a grin.
    * ofrecer una visión = provide + a picture.
    * ofrecer una visión de = offer + an account of.
    * ofrecer una visión de conjunto = provide + a picture, provide + overview.
    * ofrecer una visión muy releveladora de = provide + insight into, give + an insight into, give + an inside look at.
    * ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.
    * ofrecer un curso = offer + course.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * ofrecer un sacrificio = make + a sacrifice.
    * ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.
    * ofrecer ventaja = be of benefit.

    * * *
    ofrecer [E3 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo› to offer
    le ofreció su brazo he offered her his arm
    no nos ofreció ni una taza de café he didn't even offer us a cup of coffee
    todavía no nos ha ofrecido la casa he still hasn't invited us to see his new house
    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño ( Col); I'm ringing to let you know that the baby's been born
    ofrecer + INF to offer TO + INF
    ofreció prestarnos su coche she offered to lend us her car
    2 ‹dinero› (por un artículo) to offer
    ofreció mil dólares por el jarrón he bid a thousand dollars for the vase
    ¿cuánto me ofrece por este cuadro? how much will you give o offer me for this picture?
    3 ‹fiesta› to give, hold, throw ( colloq)
    ofrecieron una comida en su honor they gave a meal in her honor
    ofrecieron una recepción en el Hotel Suecia they laid on o held a reception in the Hotel Suecia
    4 ‹sacrificio/víctima› to offer, offer up
    B
    1 ‹oportunidad› to give, provide; ‹dificultad› to present
    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades it provides her with o it gives her o ( frml) it affords her the chance to make new friends
    el plan ofrece varias dificultades the plan presents o poses a number of problems
    2 ‹aspecto/vista›
    su habitación ofrecía un aspecto lúgubre her room was gloomy o had an air of gloominess about it
    el balcón ofrecía una vista maravillosa there was a marvelous view from the balcony
    el año ofrece buenas perspectivas things look good for the coming year, the coming year looks promising
    ofrecían un espectáculo desgarrador they were a heartrending sight
    3 ‹resistencia› «persona» to put up, offer
    se entregó sin ofrecer ninguna resistencia he surrendered without putting up o offering any resistance
    A
    «persona»: se ofrece niñera con experiencia experienced nanny seeks employment
    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF to offer o volunteer to + INF
    se ofreció a venir a buscarnos she offered o volunteered to come and pick us up
    B
    (presentarse): un espectáculo único se ofrecía ante nuestros ojos a unique spectacle presented itself before o greeted our eyes
    las cumbres nevadas se nos ofrecían en todo su esplendor the snowy peaks appeared o stood before us in all their splendor
    C ( frml) (querer, necesitar) ( gen neg o interrog) ofrecérsele algo A algn:
    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? can I offer o get you anything else?, would you care for anything else?
    si no se le ofrece nada más, me retiro a dormir if there's nothing else I can do for you, I'll say goodnight
    ¿qué se le ofrece a la señora? what would you like o what can I get you to drink, madam? ( frml)
    * * *

     

    ofrecer ( conjugate ofrecer) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo› to offer

    b) ‹ dinero› to offer;

    ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) ‹ fiesta› to give;

    ‹ recepción› to lay on
    d) ‹sacrificio/víctima› to offer (up)

    2
    a) ‹oportunidad/posibilidad› to give, provide;

    ‹ dificultad› to present

    ofrecerse verbo pronominal
    1 [ persona] to offer, volunteer;
    ofrecerse A or PARA hacer algo to offer o volunteer to do sth
    2 (frml) (querer, necesitar) ( gen neg o interrog):
    ◊ ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? what would you like, madam? (frml);

    si no se le ofrece nada más if there's nothing else I can do for you
    ofrecer verbo transitivo
    1 (agua, ayuda, dinero, etc) to offer
    2 (posibilidad, solución, consejo) to give
    3 (un homenaje, banquete, etc) to hold
    4 (aspecto) to present
    5 Rel to offer (up)
    ' ofrecer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    brindar
    - dar
    - tender
    - amparar
    - convidar
    - dedicar
    - excusar
    - querer
    - tributar
    English:
    offer
    - outbid
    - part exchange
    - present
    - put up
    - shall
    - tender
    - volunteer
    - bid
    - cater
    - dispense
    - feature
    - give
    - hand
    - hold
    - lay
    - proffer
    - put
    - quote
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [proporcionar, dar] to offer;
    ofrecerle algo a alguien to offer sb sth;
    me han ofrecido el puesto de director they've offered me the job of manager;
    ¿puedo ofrecerle algo de beber? may I offer you something to drink?;
    ofrecen una recompensa por él they are offering a reward for his capture;
    le ofrecieron una cena homenaje they held a dinner in his honour;
    ¿cuánto te ofrecen por la casa? how much are they offering you for the house?;
    me ofrece la oportunidad o [m5] la ocasión de conocer la ciudad it gives me the chance to get to know the city
    2. [en subastas] to bid;
    ¿qué ofrecen por esta mesa? what am I bid for this table?
    3. [tener, presentar] to present;
    la cocina ofrece un aspecto lamentable the kitchen is a sorry sight;
    esta tarea ofrece algunas dificultades this task poses o presents a number of problems;
    aquel negocio ofrecía inmejorables perspectivas that business had excellent prospects
    4. [oraciones, sacrificio] to offer up;
    ofrecer una misa por alguien to have a mass said for sb
    * * *
    v/t offer
    * * *
    ofrecer {53} vt
    1) : to offer
    2) : to provide, to give
    3) : to present (an appearance, etc.)
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > ofrecer

  • 6 proporcionar

    v.
    1 to provide, to furnish, to give, to supply.
    El negocio procura ganancias The business yields utilities.
    2 to proportion, to proportionate, to put in proportion, to fit.
    * * *
    1 (ayuda, dinero) to supply; (consejo) to give
    2 (dibujo) to proportion
    * * *
    verb
    to provide, supply
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=dar) to supply, provide

    esto le proporciona una renta anual de... — this brings him in a yearly income of...

    esto proporciona mucho encanto a la narración — this lends o gives great charm to the story

    su tío le proporcionó el puesto — his uncle found him the job, his uncle helped him into o helped him get the job

    2) (=adaptar) to adjust, adapt (a to)
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <materiales/información/comida> to provide
    * * *
    = give, issue, provide, furnish (with), produce, dispense, offer, serve up.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. Once a user is registered, a password will be issued which provides access to all or most of the data bases offered by the host as and when the user wishes.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex. The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.
    Ex. This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.
    Ex. Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex. A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    ----
    * proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.
    * proporcionar asesoramiento = dispense + advice.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el moment = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * proporcionar información = release + information.
    * proporcionar los medios para = provide + the material for.
    * proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * proporcionar una respuesta = furnish + answer.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <materiales/información/comida> to provide
    * * *
    = give, issue, provide, furnish (with), produce, dispense, offer, serve up.

    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.

    Ex: Once a user is registered, a password will be issued which provides access to all or most of the data bases offered by the host as and when the user wishes.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex: The perfect librarian may be defined as one who produces the information a reader requires as soon as the reader asks for it.
    Ex: This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    * proporcionar apoyo = provide + support, support.
    * proporcionar asesoramiento = dispense + advice.
    * proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el moment = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * proporcionar información = release + information.
    * proporcionar los medios para = provide + the material for.
    * proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * proporcionar una respuesta = furnish + answer.

    * * *
    vt
    si tú haces el trabajo yo puedo proporcionar los materiales if you do the work I can provide o supply the materials
    me proporcionó toda la información necesaria she provided me with o gave me all the necessary information
    los jóvenes siempre proporcionan un ambiente más alegre en casa young people always liven things up o create a livelier atmosphere in the house
    esto proporcionó un buen disgusto a su familia this greatly upset his family, this caused his family great distress
    * * *

     

    proporcionar ( conjugate proporcionar) verbo transitivo ‹materiales/información/comida› to provide;
    proporcionar algo a algn to provide sb with sth
    proporcionar verbo transitivo
    1 (comida, etc) to provide with, supply
    2 (placer, preocupaciones, etc) to give: salió adelante gracias al apoyo proporcionado por sus amigos, she got ahead thanks to her friends' help
    ' proporcionar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    consagrar
    - dar
    - procurar
    - brindar
    - facilitar
    - vestir
    English:
    afford
    - lay on
    - provide
    - supply
    - furnish
    - issue
    * * *
    1. [facilitar]
    proporcionar algo a alguien to provide sb with sth;
    las autoridades proporcionaron alojamiento a todos los refugiados the authorities provided all the refugees with accommodation;
    proporcionamos el material necesario a los alumnos we provide o supply students with the necessary materials
    2. [ajustar]
    proporcionar algo a algo to adapt sth to sth;
    deben proporcionar los gastos a los ingresos they ought to adjust their spending to their income
    3. [producir]
    esta empresa sólo proporciona disgustos this company causes nothing but trouble;
    esta música proporciona paz y tranquilidad this music produces a sensation of peace and tranquillity
    * * *
    v/t ( suministrar) provide, supply; satisfacción give
    * * *
    1) : to provide, to give
    2) : to proportion, to adapt
    * * *
    proporcionar vb to provide with

    Spanish-English dictionary > proporcionar

  • 7 compuesto

    adj.
    1 compound, mixed, complex.
    2 repaired, fixed, re-fitted, refitted.
    3 composite.
    4 self-composed.
    m.
    compound, mixture.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: componer.
    * * *
    1 (químico, farmacéutico, etc) compound
    ————————
    1→ link=componer componer
    1 (gen) compound
    2 (reparado) repaired, mended
    3 (elegante) dressed up; (arreglado) tidy
    4 figurado (comedido) composed
    1 (químico, farmacéutico, etc) compound
    \
    quedarse compuesta y sin novio to be left in the lurch
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - compuesta)
    adj.
    * * *
    1.
    VB [pp] de componer

    estar compuesto de — to be composed of, consist of

    2. ADJ
    1) (Mat, Econ, Ling, Quím) compound; (Bot) composite
    2) (=elegante) dressed up, smart
    3) (=tranquilo) composed
    3. SM
    1) (Quím) compound
    2) (Ling) compound, compound word
    3) (Med, Odontología) compound
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo
    1) <oración/número/flor> compound (before n)
    2) ( acicalado) dressed up, spruced up (colloq)
    3) ( sereno) composed; ver tb componer
    II
    masculino compound
    * * *
    = composite, compound, agglomerate, composite, compound, aggregated.
    Ex. The scheme is basically enumerative with simple and composite or compound subjects listed within each class.
    Ex. Thus all simple and all compound or complex subjects are listed.
    Ex. The latter plays an important role in that it is used as an anteriorizing symbol to give the notation for agglomerates.
    Ex. The advanced materials studied were those composites based on ceramic, boron, and carbon fibres = Los materiales avanzados estudiados eran los compuestos de fibras de cerámica, boro y carbón.
    Ex. Even more severe problems arise when we consider isomers: compounds containing the same atoms in each molecule, but differently arranged.
    Ex. These numbers have no meaning or correlation to anything outside of the aggregated data file in which they appear.
    ----
    * apellido compuesto = compound surname.
    * catálogo de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form catalogue.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * compuesto de cobre = copper compound.
    * compuesto de telurio = telluride.
    * compuesto de trozos = piecewise.
    * compuesto de variables = piecewise.
    * compuesto de varias palabras = multi-word.
    * compuesto de varios países = multi-country [multicountry].
    * compuesto inorgánico = inorganic compound.
    * compuesto metálico = metal compound.
    * compuesto orgánico = organic compound.
    * compuesto químico = chemical compound.
    * descriptor compuesto de varias palabras = multiple-word descriptor.
    * documento compuesto = composite document.
    * encabezamiento compuesto = composite heading, compound heading.
    * encabezamiento compuesto de varias palabras = multi-word heading.
    * índice de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form index.
    * institución compuesta de miembros = membership organisation.
    * interés compuesto = compound interest.
    * materia compuesta = composite subject, compound subject.
    * nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.
    * nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.
    * obra compuesta = composite work.
    * término compuesto de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept term.
    * termino inicial de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead term, main heading.
    * * *
    I
    - ta adjetivo
    1) <oración/número/flor> compound (before n)
    2) ( acicalado) dressed up, spruced up (colloq)
    3) ( sereno) composed; ver tb componer
    II
    masculino compound
    * * *
    = composite, compound, agglomerate, composite, compound, aggregated.

    Ex: The scheme is basically enumerative with simple and composite or compound subjects listed within each class.

    Ex: Thus all simple and all compound or complex subjects are listed.
    Ex: The latter plays an important role in that it is used as an anteriorizing symbol to give the notation for agglomerates.
    Ex: The advanced materials studied were those composites based on ceramic, boron, and carbon fibres = Los materiales avanzados estudiados eran los compuestos de fibras de cerámica, boro y carbón.
    Ex: Even more severe problems arise when we consider isomers: compounds containing the same atoms in each molecule, but differently arranged.
    Ex: These numbers have no meaning or correlation to anything outside of the aggregated data file in which they appear.
    * apellido compuesto = compound surname.
    * catálogo de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form catalogue.
    * colocar como primer elemento de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead.
    * compuesto de cobre = copper compound.
    * compuesto de telurio = telluride.
    * compuesto de trozos = piecewise.
    * compuesto de variables = piecewise.
    * compuesto de varias palabras = multi-word.
    * compuesto de varios países = multi-country [multicountry].
    * compuesto inorgánico = inorganic compound.
    * compuesto metálico = metal compound.
    * compuesto orgánico = organic compound.
    * compuesto químico = chemical compound.
    * descriptor compuesto de varias palabras = multiple-word descriptor.
    * documento compuesto = composite document.
    * encabezamiento compuesto = composite heading, compound heading.
    * encabezamiento compuesto de varias palabras = multi-word heading.
    * índice de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form index.
    * institución compuesta de miembros = membership organisation.
    * interés compuesto = compound interest.
    * materia compuesta = composite subject, compound subject.
    * nombre compuesto = double-barrelled name.
    * nombre compuesto por varias palabras = multiple-word name.
    * obra compuesta = composite work.
    * término compuesto de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept term.
    * termino inicial de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead term, main heading.

    * * *
    compuesto1 -ta
    A
    1 ‹oración/sustantivo› compound ( before n)
    2 ‹interés/número› compound ( before n)
    3 ‹flor› compound; ‹hoja› composite
    B (acicalado) dressed up, spruced up ( colloq)
    compound
    * * *

     

    Del verbo componer: ( conjugate componer)

    compuesto es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    componer    
    compuesto
    componer ( conjugate componer) verbo transitivo
    a) ( constituir) ‹jurado/equipo/plantilla› to make up;


    b) ‹sinfonía/canción/verso› to compose

    c) (esp AmL) ( arreglar) ‹reloj/radio/zapatos› to repair

    d) (AmL) ‹ hueso› to set

    verbo intransitivo
    to compose
    componerse verbo pronominal
    1 ( estar formado) compuestose de algo to be made up of sth, to consist of sth;

    2 (esp AmL fam) [ persona] to get better
    compuesto
    ◊ -ta adjetivo ‹oración/número/flor› compound ( before n);

    ver tb componer
    componer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (constituir) to compose, make up
    2 (formar) to make: no fui capaz de componer el puzzle, I was not able to do the jigsaw
    3 (reparar) to mend, repair
    4 Impr to set
    II verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo Mús Lit to compose
    compuesto,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (que no es simple) compound
    2 (formado por) composed [de, of]
    II sustantivo masculino compound

    ' compuesto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    compuesta
    - constar
    - simple
    - componer
    - nombre
    - por
    English:
    composite
    - compound
    - double-barrelled
    - modular
    - compose
    - double
    - make
    * * *
    compuesto, -a
    ♦ participio
    ver componer
    ♦ adj
    1. [formado]
    compuesto de composed of, made up of
    2. [múltiple] compound;
    [número] compound;
    interés compuesto compound interest;
    ojo compuesto compound eye
    3. [oración, tiempo] compound
    4. [flor, hoja] composite
    5. [acicalado] dressed up
    6. Comp
    quedarse compuesto y sin novia [perder la novia] to be abandoned at the altar;
    [perder algo] to be left high and dry
    ♦ nm
    Quím compound compuesto orgánico organic compound;
    compuesto químico chemical compound
    * * *
    I adj composed;
    estar compuesto de be composed of
    II m compound
    * * *
    compuesto, -ta adj
    1) : fixed, repaired
    2) : compound, composite
    3) : decked out, spruced up
    4)
    compuesto de : made up of, consisting of
    : compound
    * * *
    compuesto1 adj compound
    estar compuesto de/por to consist of / to be made up of
    compuesto2 n compound

    Spanish-English dictionary > compuesto

  • 8 empobrecimiento

    m.
    impoverishment.
    * * *
    1 impoverishment
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino impoverishment
    * * *
    = impoverishing, impoverishment, depauperation.
    Ex. This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.
    Ex. This article deals with the elimination and destruction of undesirable books which led to the impoverishment of libraries.
    Ex. The overall effect is a depauperation of soil with an attendant reduction in the rate of organic matter decomposition.
    * * *
    masculino impoverishment
    * * *
    = impoverishing, impoverishment, depauperation.

    Ex: This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.

    Ex: This article deals with the elimination and destruction of undesirable books which led to the impoverishment of libraries.
    Ex: The overall effect is a depauperation of soil with an attendant reduction in the rate of organic matter decomposition.

    * * *
    (de un país, la población) impoverishment; (de la tierra, del lenguaje) impoverishment
    * * *

    empobrecimiento sustantivo masculino
    impoverishment
    empobrecimiento sustantivo masculino impoverishment
    ' empobrecimiento' also found in these entries:
    English:
    impoverishment
    * * *
    1. [en recursos, riqueza, patrimonio] impoverishment
    2. [en calidad, valor, importancia] impoverishment, devaluation;
    un empobrecimiento de los contenidos televisivos a reduction in quality of programme content on television
    * * *
    m impoverishment
    * * *
    : impoverishment

    Spanish-English dictionary > empobrecimiento

  • 9 proveer

    v.
    1 to supply, to provide.
    proveer a alguien de algo to provide o supply somebody with something
    Ella me da dinero She gives me money.
    2 to fill (puesto, cargo).
    3 to provide for.
    4 to decide.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ LEER], like link=leer leer (pp provisto,-a)
    1 (suministrar) to provide (de, with)
    2 (cubrir) to fill
    3 DERECHO to give an interim ruling on
    \
    Dios proveerá the Lord will provide
    * * *
    verb
    to provide, supply
    * * *
    ( pp provisto y proveído)
    1. VT
    1) (=suministrar) to supply, furnish (de with)
    2) (=preparar) to provide, get ready
    3) [+ vacante] to fill
    4) [+ negocio] to transact, dispatch
    5) (Jur) to decree
    2.
    VI
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( suministrar) to provide

    nos proveyeron de todo lo necesario — they supplied o furnished us with everything we needed

    2) < vacante> to fill
    3) (Der) to give an interim ruling on
    2.
    proveer vi to provide
    3.
    proveerse v pron (refl)

    proveerse DE algo — de herramientas, armas to equip oneself with something

    * * *
    = provide, set + aside, furnish (with), purvey, provision.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. A special note has been set aside for information about the person who is making the catalog entry.
    Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex. In the sixteenth century the English book trade was centred in London, and consisted chiefly of retail stationers who would be likely to purvey both new and second-hand books and a variety of other goods.
    Ex. Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    ----
    * proveer de = arm with.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( suministrar) to provide

    nos proveyeron de todo lo necesario — they supplied o furnished us with everything we needed

    2) < vacante> to fill
    3) (Der) to give an interim ruling on
    2.
    proveer vi to provide
    3.
    proveerse v pron (refl)

    proveerse DE algo — de herramientas, armas to equip oneself with something

    * * *
    = provide, set + aside, furnish (with), purvey, provision.

    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.

    Ex: A special note has been set aside for information about the person who is making the catalog entry.
    Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex: In the sixteenth century the English book trade was centred in London, and consisted chiefly of retail stationers who would be likely to purvey both new and second-hand books and a variety of other goods.
    Ex: Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    * proveer de = arm with.

    * * *
    vt
    A (suministrar) to provide proveer a algn DE algo to provide sb WITH sth
    provee de carbón a toda la región it provides o supplies the whole area with coal
    nos proveyeron de todo lo necesario they provided o supplied o furnished us with everything we needed
    iban provistos de botes salvavidas they were equipped with o they carried lifeboats
    proveyó a los niños de or con comida suficiente she provided the children with o she gave the children sufficient food
    B ‹vacante› to fill
    C ( Der) to give an interim ruling on
    ■ proveer
    vi
    to provide
    Dios proveerá the Lord will provide
    ( refl):
    nos proveemos en la tienda del pueblo we get our provisions o stores at the village store
    proveerse DE algo ‹de herramientas, armas› to equip oneself WITH sth
    tenemos que proveernos de suficiente comida we must get o obtain o ( frml) secure enough food
    * * *

     

    proveer ( conjugate proveer) verbo transitivo ( suministrar) to provide;
    proveer a algn DE algo to provide sb with sth;
    ◊ iban provistos de botes salvavidas they were equipped with o they carried lifeboats

    proveerse verbo pronominal ( refl): proveerse DE algo ‹de herramientas/armas› to equip oneself with sth;

    ‹ de comida› to get sth
    proveer
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (suministrar, aportar) to supply
    proveer a alguien de algo, to provide sb with sthg
    2 (cubrir una vacante) to fill
    II verbo intransitivo to provide: Dios proveerá, the Lord will provide
    ' proveer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    facilitar
    - provisto
    - surtir
    English:
    cater
    - equip
    - fix up
    - provide
    - purvey
    - staff
    - stock
    - supply
    - fit
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [abastecer] to supply, to provide;
    proveer a alguien de algo to provide o supply sb with sth;
    la empresa provee de acceso a Internet al ministerio the company acts as Internet service provider for the Ministry
    2. [puesto, cargo] to fill
    ♦ vi
    ¡Dios proveerá! God will provide!
    * * *
    <part provisto> v/t supply;
    proveer a alguien de algo supply s.o. with sth
    * * *
    proveer {63} vt
    : to provide, to supply
    * * *
    proveer vb to provide / to supply [pt. & pp. supplied]

    Spanish-English dictionary > proveer

  • 10 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 11 DOC

    1. data optimizing computer — ЭВМ, оптимизирующая структуру данных и процесс их обработки

    Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > DOC

  • 12 соответствовать

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    The results are consistent with what is expected.

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    The results check with observations.

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    These trends in properties correlate (or accord) with our model of the atom.

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    The molecular dimensions of the organic solvent match those of the solute.

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    To every organism ( there) corresponds an abstract topological space and...

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    The core identification tapes shall comply with the requirements for insulating papers.

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    The instrument conforms to the specification.

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    The data fit the present curves reasonably well.

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    Equation (.26) fits the data fairly well.

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    The numbers given to the contact blades are in line with the pin numbers on the octal base.

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    Their analyses are in agreement (or in keeping) with experimental observations.

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    The tooling is peculiar to the product being machined.

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    This feed rate is appropriate to the length to be delivered.

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    Because all chemical processes are reversible there is for every exoergic reaction a corresponding endoergic one.

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    For each signal there is only one response.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > соответствовать

  • 13 хотя и

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    This model contains an implicit suggestion that photons have normal, even if very small, masses.

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    Though sensitive enough for high-quality organic spectroscopy, MPI does not approach the sensitivity of RIS.

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    This method, while expensive, is particularly advantageous when...

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    Whilst (or While) such a description is not strictly accurate, it ( nevertheless) provides qualitative insight.

    •

    Cocaine, valuable as it is as a local anaesthetic, has several clinical and commercial disadvantages.

    •

    Important as visual examinations of the data are, the question of how quasars are distributed ultimately calls for statistical analysis.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > хотя и

  • 14 соединение

    binding, association, bond, bonding, ( процесс или продукт) combination, catenation, coalescence, conjugation, conjunction, connection, contexture, coupling, join, joining, joining-up, joint, jointing, junction, juncture, link, link-up радио, linkage, linking, mating, seaming, splicing, tie эл., union
    * * *
    соедине́ние с.
    1. (деталей болтами, сваркой, клёпкой и т. п.) joint, connection
    осуществля́ть соедине́ние на прокла́дке — gasket a joint
    уплотня́ть соедине́ние прокла́дкой — gasket a joint
    2. эл., радио connection; тлф. call, connection, (talking) circuit
    осуществля́ть соедине́ние абоне́нтов — set up connections [establish communication] between subscribers
    разъединя́ть соедине́ние — disconnect the (talking) circuit, release a call
    устана́вливать соедине́ние — establish a call
    в автомати́ческой систе́ме установле́ние соедине́ния происхо́дит по сигна́лам от абоне́нта — in an automatic system, calls are established by means of signals from the calling subscriber
    устана́вливать ме́стное соедине́ние — connect a local call
    устана́вливать соедине́ние при скоростно́й систе́ме — complete a call “on demand”
    3. хим. compound
    образо́вывать соедине́ние — form a compound
    получа́ть соедине́ние из … — derive a compound from …
    разлага́ть соедине́ние — decompose [break up] a compound
    4. стат. confounding
    безрезьбово́е соедине́ние — slip joint
    беспа́ечное соедине́ние — solderless connection, solderless joint
    беспрокла́дочное соедине́ние — gasketless joint
    болтово́е соедине́ние — bolted connection, bolted joint
    вертлю́жное соедине́ние — swivel coupling, swivel joint
    ви́льчатое соедине́ние мех. — fork link
    винтово́е соедине́ние — screw(ed) joint
    встре́чно-паралле́льное соедине́ние — parallel-opposition connection, connection in parallel opposing
    высокомолекуля́рное соедине́ние — high-molecular (weight) compound
    высокополиме́рное соедине́ние — high-polymeric compound
    гетероцепно́е соедине́ние — heterochain compound
    гетероцикли́ческое соедине́ние — heterocyclic compound
    ги́бкое соедине́ние — flexible joint
    гибри́дное соедине́ние — hybrid junction
    заклё́почное соедине́ние — rivetted joint
    зачека́нить заклё́почное соедине́ние — caulk a rivetted joint
    заклё́почное соедине́ние внахлё́стку — lap (rivetted) joint
    заклё́почное соедине́ние встык — butt (rivetted) joint
    заклё́почное, стыково́е соедине́ние — butt (rivetted) joint
    соедине́ние звезда́ — звезда́ эл. — star-to-star connection
    соедине́ние звездо́й эл. — star connection, Y-connection, wye-connection
    ка́бельное соедине́ние — cable joint
    карда́нное соедине́ние — cardan [universal, Hooke's] joint
    клеево́е соедине́ние — adhesive joint
    кле́ммовое соедине́ние — terminal [binding-post] connection
    лету́чее соедине́ние — volatile compound
    металли́ческое соедине́ние — metallic compound
    металлооргани́ческое соедине́ние — organo-metallic compound
    соедине́ние набо́ров да́нных вчт. — data set concatenation
    соедине́ние на ко́рпус эл. — frame connection
    соедине́ние накру́ткой эл. — wire wrap connection
    соедине́ние на ма́ссу — брит. earth connection; амер. ground connection, ground strap
    напылё́нное соедине́ние ( в печатных схемах) рад.-эл. — evaporated interconnection
    насы́щенное соедине́ние — saturated compound
    незако́нченное соедине́ние тлф. — incomplete circuit, incomplete connection, mutilated selection
    неоргани́ческое соедине́ние — inorganic compound
    неподви́жное соедине́ние ( деталей машин) — fixed joint
    непреде́льное соедине́ние — unsaturated compound
    неразъё́мное соедине́ние — permanent joint
    низкомолекуля́рное соедине́ние — low-molecular(-weight) compound
    соедине́ние обжа́тием эл. — compression [crimp] joint, crimp connection
    соедине́ние опрессо́вкой эл. — compression joint
    органи́ческое соедине́ние — organic compound
    отло́женное соедине́ние тлф. — deferred call, call filed for a later completion
    паралле́льное соедине́ние эл. — parallel connection
    па́яное соедине́ние — ( мягким припоем) soldered joint; ( твёрдым припоем) brazed joint
    подви́жное соедине́ние ( деталей машин) — movable joint
    после́довательное соедине́ние эл. — series connection
    постоя́нное соедине́ние — permanent connection
    преде́льное соедине́ние — saturated compound
    пре́рванное соедине́ние тлф. — cut-off [interrupted] call
    про́бное соедине́ние тлф. — test [tentative] call
    соедине́ние, рабо́тающее на растяже́ние — tension joint
    развальцо́ванное соедине́ние — expanded joint
    разъё́мное соедине́ние — detachable joint
    разъё́мное, ва́куумное соедине́ние ( сопряжение) — demountable vacuum joint
    растру́бное соедине́ние — faucet [bell-and-spigot] joint
    резьбово́е соедине́ние — threaded connection
    сварно́е соедине́ние — welded joint
    выполня́ть сварно́е соедине́ние — make [perform, complete] a welded joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние без зазо́ра — close welded joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние без ско́са кро́мок — square joint
    сварно́е, бесско́сное соедине́ние — square joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние внахлё́стку — lap joint
    сварно́е, водонепроница́емое соедине́ние — watertight joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние вприты́к — tee joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние встык — butt joint
    сварно́е, газонепроница́емое соедине́ние — gastight joint
    сварно́е, многото́чечное соедине́ние — multiple-spot welded joint
    сварно́е, монта́жное соедине́ние — erection [field] joint
    сварно́е, нахлё́сточное соедине́ние — lap joint
    сварно́е, пло́тное соедине́ние — tight joint
    сварно́е, про́бочное соедине́ние — slotted [plug] lap joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние с двумя́ ско́сами кро́мки — double-bevel [double-V] joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние с зазо́ром — open joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние с накла́дкой — strapped joint
    сварно́е, совмещё́нное соедине́ние — joggled lap joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние со ско́сом кро́мок — bevelled [chamfered] joint
    сварно́е соедине́ние с отборто́вкой кро́мок — flanged joint
    сварно́е, стыково́е соедине́ние — butt joint
    сварно́е, тавро́вое соедине́ние — tee joint
    сварно́е, торцо́вое соедине́ние — edge joint
    сварно́е, то́чечное соедине́ние — spot weld
    сварно́е, углово́е соедине́ние — corner joint
    сварно́е, уси́ленное соедине́ние — reinforced joint
    сме́шанное соедине́ние эл. — series-parallel connection
    телескопи́ческое соедине́ние — telescope joint
    термокомпрессио́нное соедине́ние — thermocompression bonding
    транзи́тное соедине́ние тлф. — through [built-up] connection
    соедине́ние треуго́льником эл. — delta [mesh] connection
    соедине́ние треуго́льник — треуго́льник эл. — delta-delta connection
    фла́нцевое соедине́ние — flange joint
    шарни́рное соедине́ние — articulated [hinge] joint, joint coupling
    шарни́рное, шарово́е соедине́ние — ball-and-socket joint
    шли́цевое соедине́ние — splined joint
    шпо́ночное соедине́ние — keyed joint
    шпунтово́е соедине́ние — tongue-and-groove [match, joggle] joint
    ште́псельное соедине́ние — plug-and-socket connection
    штыково́е соедине́ние — bayonet joint
    соедине́ние S ( в нейристорах) — refractory junction
    соедине́ние T ( в нейристорах) — trigger junction
    * * *

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > соединение

  • 15 давно известно, что

    •

    Geologists have long been aware that the organic matter required for petroleum to be formed has accumulated in...

    •

    It has long been known that sunspots usually appear in pairs or groups.

    * * *
    Давно известно, что
     It has long been known that cylindrical roller bearings are subjected to relatively large, intermittent thrust loads in a number of applications.
     It has long been recognized that seal rings faces may deflect out of their original lapped-in plane.
     It has been known for years that differences of this order of magnitude are shown by published data and equations obtained by different methods.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > давно известно, что

  • 16 состоять по объёму на ... из

    Состоять по объёму на (1/3) из (воздуха)
     They estimate from compressibility data that the compressed soot of reference [...] is actually 1/3 air by volume.
    Состоящий из - comprising, including (содержащий перечисленные элементы, но не исключающий присутствия других элементов); consisting of, composed of (составленный из); made up of (изготовленный)
     The test chamber is surrounded by a multilayer wall consisting of heating panels.
     It is another planar molecule, but unlike TCP it is an organic substance, being made up entirely of carbon, nitrogen atoms.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > состоять по объёму на ... из

  • 17 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

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  • Organic farming and biodiversity — The effect of organic farming has been a subject of interest for researchers. Theory suggests that organic farming practices, which exclude the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, would be beneficial for biodiversity, and this has proven …   Wikipedia

  • Organic matter — Other meanings can be found at Biological material Organic matter (or organic material, Natural Organic Matter, or NOM) is matter that has come from a once living organism; is capable of decay, or the product of decay; or is composed of organic… …   Wikipedia

  • Organic compound — Methane is one of the simplest organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon… …   Wikipedia

  • Organic anion transporter 1 — Figure 1 Schematic representation of transmembrane proteins: 1. a membrane protein with one transmembrane domain 2. a membrane protein with three transmembrane domains 3. OAT1 is believed to have twelve transmembrane domains. [1] The membrane is… …   Wikipedia

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